CRIME AND DEVIANCE IN LOW-INCOME NEIGHBORHOODS: A SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURAL FACTORS AND SOCIAL RESPONSES

Abstract

This article explores the sociological dimensions of crime and deviance within low-income neighborhoods, focusing on the structural causes, social dynamics, and community responses. Drawing on theories such as strain theory, social disorganization theory, and labeling theory, the paper analyzes how poverty, limited social capital, and institutional neglect contribute to higher crime rates and deviant behavior. It also examines the impacts of crime on community cohesion and residents’ perceptions of safety. Empirical case studies highlight the complex interplay between socio-economic disadvantage, informal social control, and formal law enforcement. The study concludes with policy recommendations aimed at addressing root causes and strengthening community resilience.