CYBERSECURITY AND NATIONAL SECURITY POLICIES: CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIC RESPONSES

Abstract

The increasing integration of digital technologies into national infrastructure has elevated cybersecurity to a core concern of national security policy. This article explores how states conceptualize and implement cybersecurity policies to protect against threats ranging from cyber espionage and sabotage to information warfare. It examines the evolving nature of cyber threats, policy frameworks adopted by major powers, and the challenges of attribution, international cooperation, and legal norms. The study also analyzes case studies of cyber incidents and the strategic responses that inform the development of resilient national security architectures.