The Future of Agricultural Biotechnology: CRISPR and Beyond

Abstract

Agricultural biotechnology is undergoing a transformative era, driven by innovations such as CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology. This paper examines the current advancements in CRISPR applications in agriculture and explores future directions beyond gene editing, including synthetic biology, epigenetic modifications, and integrated biological engineering. The focus is on how these technologies can improve crop resilience, yield, and sustainability in the face of climate change and a growing global population. While CRISPR has opened new possibilities for precision breeding, ethical concerns, regulatory challenges, and equitable access remain significant hurdles. This paper outlines the potential and limitations of these emerging technologies and their implications for food security, environmental sustainability, and agricultural practices in the 21st century.