ASTROBIOLOGY AND THE SEARCH FOR EXTRATERRESTRIAL LIFE

Abstract

Astrobiology is an interdisciplinary field that explores the origin, evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe. It combines principles from astronomy, biology, chemistry, geology, and planetary science to investigate habitable environments beyond Earth. This article examines the frameworks guiding the search for extraterrestrial life, including biosignatures, planetary habitability criteria, extremophiles on Earth, and mission-based exploration strategies. It also highlights Pakistan’s contributions to space and astrobiology research and its potential to integrate into global scientific initiatives. Recent advances in exoplanet detection and biomarker technology offer renewed hope in resolving the question of whether life exists elsewhere in the cosmos.