THE ROLE OF SOIL MICROBIOMES IN ENHANCING SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND CROP RESILIENCE

Abstract

Soil microbiomes are critical to agroecosystem functioning, influencing nutrient cycling, disease suppression, plant growth promotion, and stress tolerance. In the context of increasing climate stress and soil degradation, harnessing the potential of microbial communities offers a sustainable strategy to enhance crop productivity and resilience. This article explores the composition and functions of soil microbiota, their interactions with plants, and their role in improving agricultural sustainability. Case studies from Pakistan are highlighted, demonstrating the effectiveness of microbial inoculants, biofertilizers, and rhizosphere engineering. The need for microbiome-informed soil management practices, policy support, and capacity building in developing nations is emphasized.