BIOLUMINESCENCE IN MARINE ORGANISMS: MECHANISMS, FUNCTIONS, AND APPLICATIONS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY

Abstract

Bioluminescence—the natural emission of light by living organisms—is a widespread and ecologically significant phenomenon in marine ecosystems. Produced by enzymatic reactions involving luciferins and luciferases, this light-emitting ability serves various biological functions such as predator avoidance, prey attraction, and intra-species communication. This article explores the biochemical and genetic mechanisms underlying marine bioluminescence, its ecological roles, and its emerging applications in biotechnology. Drawing on recent research and case studies, including studies from the Arabian Sea, the article also discusses the potential of bioluminescent systems in medical diagnostics, biosensors, and environmental monitoring.