Climate Resilience in Agriculture: The Role of Precision Farming and Data-Driven Risk Management

Abstract

Climate change has emerged as a major threat to global and regional food systems, particularly in climate-vulnerable countries like Pakistan where agriculture contributes significantly to livelihoods and national GDP. Increasing temperature variability, irregular rainfall patterns, droughts, and flooding events are reducing agricultural productivity and increasing economic risk for farmers. Precision farming and data-driven risk management offer transformative solutions by integrating digital technologies such as remote sensing, IoT sensors, machine learning, and predictive analytics into farm decision-making. These technologies enable site-specific resource management, optimize input use, improve water efficiency, and enhance resilience against climate shocks. This study explores how precision agriculture strengthens climate resilience through risk forecasting, efficient resource allocation, and adaptive decision support. It further highlights challenges in adoption, policy gaps, and future directions for integrating digital innovation into sustainable agricultural systems in Pakistan and other developing economies