SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AT ROOM TEMPERATURE: THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PERSPECTIVES

Abstract

The discovery and pursuit of room-temperature superconductivity (RTS) have remained at the forefront of condensed matter physics due to its transformative implications for technology and energy systems. This paper presents a comprehensive review of both theoretical predictions and experimental breakthroughs in the field. We analyze current models that attempt to explain high-Tc superconductivity, including BCS theory extensions and unconventional mechanisms involving phonons and electron correlations. We further evaluate recent experimental efforts, particularly those involving hydride compounds under high pressure, and examine challenges in stabilizing RTS at ambient pressure. Finally, the paper highlights Pakistan’s growing contributions to the field and outlines future research pathways toward ambient RTS realization.