INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) APPLICATIONS IN SMART CITIES: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

Abstract

The rapid urbanization and technological revolution have catalyzed the development of smart cities, where the Internet of Things (IoT) plays a pivotal role. This paper explores the current and potential IoT applications in smart city infrastructure in Pakistan, focusing on sectors such as transportation, energy, waste management, and public safety. It highlights the transformative potential of IoT in enhancing urban efficiency, sustainability, and quality of life. However, the paper also underscores major challenges including data privacy, network scalability, interoperability, and regulatory barriers. Through case studies, survey analysis, and technological evaluation, this study offers strategic recommendations for sustainable IoT deployment in smart cities across Pakistan.