SMART POLYMERS FOR CONTROLLED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS: INNOVATIONS, MECHANISMS, AND BIOMEDICAL PROSPECTS

Abstract

Smart polymers, also referred to as stimuli-responsive polymers, represent a transformative advancement in controlled drug delivery systems. These materials possess the ability to alter their physicochemical properties in response to environmental cues such as temperature, pH, light, or enzymes. Their dynamic behavior allows for site-specific and time-controlled drug release, enhancing therapeutic efficacy and minimizing side effects. In this review, we discuss the molecular design and synthesis of smart polymers, their classification based on stimuli-responsiveness, and recent biomedical applications, particularly within the Pakistani pharmaceutical research landscape. We also highlight the current limitations and explore future directions, including nanocomposite integration and personalized drug delivery systems.