SOCIAL STRATIFICATION AND ACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION: BARRIERS, INEQUALITIES, AND PATHWAYS TO INCLUSION

Abstract

This article investigates the relationship between social stratification and access to higher education, emphasizing how socio-economic status, race, gender, and geographic location influence educational opportunities. Using a multidisciplinary approach combining sociology, education studies, and public policy analysis, the study reviews structural barriers such as financial constraints, cultural capital deficits, and institutional biases that perpetuate inequality in higher education access. The paper also examines policy initiatives aimed at promoting inclusion and equity. Empirical evidence from diverse national contexts demonstrates that while progress has been made, significant disparities persist, calling for sustained policy efforts and innovative interventions to democratize higher education.